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人民日报人民时评:用参与的力量提升文化水位


“知识渊博、表达风趣,讲得还很有代入感”“偏专业的内容,被他们讲得活色生香”……正在浙江省博物馆进行的“蓝瑛作品及其师承影响特展”上,现场20余位志愿者轮番上岗讲解,被热情的观众明星般簇拥着,成为亮眼的景观。有观众来“二刷”,就是想听听不同的讲解版本;也有游客错过了上午的解说,下午早早就来等着。展览中《富春山居图·剩山图》这样的名作,因为志愿者的讲述而更加立体、更为动人。

志愿者已成为大型博物馆服务公众的重要力量,也体现着公共文化机构的社会性和公益性。故宫博物院自2004年开始,累计注册志愿者近3000人次,服务公众60万人次、13万小时。有一位高中生根据自己当志愿者的经历,为故宫导览提出“分众化”讲解、“大文化”视野、“思辨性”互动的建议。在世界范围内,大英博物馆的志愿者从上世纪80年代后期的几个人增加到现在的600多人;日本也在持续建设文化志愿者队伍,推广终身学习理念。这些志愿者的服务活动,是公民参与文化生活的重要形式,也让“文化”二字,更有了现代文明的意蕴。

既让专业的人做专业的事,又让有兴趣的人更多地参与其中,志愿者为博物馆注入了鲜活而多元的力量。其实,每一次志愿服务都是综合性文化服务,比如讲解丝绸的历史,不能只懂得丝织技艺、蚕桑文化等,还要掌握语言表达、服务技巧甚至应急处置能力。浙博的“乾隆特展”,开展前三个月就提前向社会公开招募志愿者,涵盖了高校学生、文艺工作者、教师等人群,还安排了礼仪、传统文化、文物知识等培训。志愿服务不仅是服务人数的“物理叠加”,更有服务内涵延伸、文化影响力和感染力提升的“化学作用”。在向外辐射文化光芒的过程中,博物馆与志愿者一起,提升了整个社会的文化水位。

文化志愿者传递着知识,也传递着精神。实际上,志愿者存在的价值不仅在于文化服务,而且是要让观众“共同参与学习并享受乐趣”,这样才有更精彩、更深刻的文化体验。“乾隆特展”中有一位叫钟觉辰的志愿者,本职工作是童书编辑,为了做好讲解,他花了近半个月时间查阅资料,在统一讲解文本基础上又写了一份讲解稿,一遍下来要一两个小时,观众听得兴致勃勃。在首都博物馆,志愿者张鹏当了14年讲解员,收获了一大批粉丝,还制作了微信公众号分享文博知识。这些志愿者就像沟通文化与公众的一座桥,促进全社会文化建设的共识和自觉。

中国的博物馆志愿者队伍还在发展中,各地、各馆水平仍是参差不齐。也是在国庆期间,杭州另一所博物馆的“中国团扇文化印象特展”,主题别致、布展精美,有宋徽宗《枇杷山鸟图》等珍品。不过展览却难觅专业讲解,在博物馆服务台询问,回答是“须提前三天预约”。其实,对于公共文化机构而言,公众的需求既是努力方向,也是发展契机。利用文化的魅力,创新更好的方式,把更多人吸引过来,一起进行文化建设、文化推广,培厚整个社会的文化土层,公共文化机构也能在这个过程中收获更多掌声。

文化建设驰而不息,公众期盼着更丰富的精神文化生活。文化服务的供给应该跟上时代,既要数量增加也要质量提升。当更多人成为文化建设的“义工”,就一定会有文化的发展繁荣、文化的自信自强。

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